Accounts receivable is the 1st step in a series of collection attempts dealing with the billing of customers who owe money to a consumer, business or an organization for products and/or services that have been provided to the customer. This is usually done in a single person organization by writing an invoice and mailing or hand delivering it to each customer.
On a business balance sheet, accounts receivable is the amount that customers owe the business. Aka AR, they are classified as current assets. To record a journal entry for a sale on account, 1 must debit a receivable and credit a revenue account. When the customer pays off the account, 1 debits cash and credit the receivable in the journal entry. The ending balance on the trial balance sheet for accounts receivable is always debit.
Business organizations which have become too large to perform such tasks by hand (or small ones that could but prefer not to do them by hand) will generally use accounting software on a computer to perform this task.
Associated accounting issues include recognizing accounts receivable, valuing accounts receivable, and disposing of accounts receivable.
Other types of accounting transactions include accounts payable, payroll and trial balance.
Since not all customer debts will be collected by the AR department, companies typically record an allowance for bad debts which is subtracted from total accounts receivable. When accounts receivable are not paid, some companies turn them over to collection agencies. However, many debtors just won't pay the AR; in those cases, smart creditors turn to a collection agency.
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